Monday, 30 January 2012

SSC IX CIVICS-Civics


Introduction

·        Man is a social animal. His various needs are satisfied as he lives in the society.

·        Society consists of many institutions like family.

·        The state came into existence in order to create peace security and an atmosphere congenial to the development of every member of the society.

·        The individual in his relationship with the state is known as citizen.

·        Civics is a social science that deals with the role a citizen.



Civics-Its meaning:

·        Civics is a science that deals with moulding individuals into citizens.

·        Early city-states were known as Civitas and their independent inhabitants as 'Civis" The word civics' is derived from these two terms.

·        According to Dr. E. M. White: "Civics is the subject that deals with everything pertaining to the citizen-the past, present and future; local, national and international."



 Nature and Scope:

Society and individual:

·        The mutual and inseparable relationship between individual and society is the main subject of civics.

·        Individuals imbibe virtues like cooperation, compassion, tolerance and honesty through social interactions.

·        Society progresses because of its individuals.

·        A stable and healthy relationship between the individual and society ensures the well-being of both.



 Citizenship:

·        Every person is a citizen of a country .He is expected to discharge certain responsibilities.

·        Civics helps citizens to realize and discharge their duties effectively.

·        Of late, the idea of citizenship has evolved from the concept of single citizenship to dual and world citizenship.



 Rights and Duties:

·        Citizenship involves both rights and duties.

·        Society makes progress, if the citizens are aware of their rights and conscious about their duties.

·        Civics makes the citizens aware of their rights and conscious about their duties.


Importance of Civics:

Helps in creating ideal citizens:

·        A person who is enlightened and behaves in a responsible manner is regarded as an ideal citizen.

·        An ideal citizen believes in peaceful coexistence, spirit of friendship and tolerance.

·        He has better understanding of the problems the nation faces and willingly initiates remedies. Civics facilitates the moulding of such ideal citizens.

 Helps in generating the spirit of social obligation:

·        Civics inspires the people to participate in various socially useful projects.

·        It also prompts the citizens to take a keen interest in issues through the spirit of social obligation.

Helps in ordering the loyalties:

·        We tend to be loyal to our immediate social units, e.g. the family.

·        As a social being, the sense of loyalty of an individual gradually extends wider to include society, region and nation.

·        Loyalty crises do occur at times due to conflicts in loyalties. The study of Civics helps in solving such crises.

·        Civics inculcates, in the minds of the citizens, the need to put wider interests like the national interests above the narrower ones like personal interests.



Helps in creating social harmony:

·        In a country like ours where great diversity exists, maintaining social harmony is of great importance.

·        We have people following different religions, speaking different languages and belonging to distinct cultures.

·        Engaging them in constructive dialogue and having mutual respect for each other's way of life are essential for the national unity.

·        The study of Civics helps to strengthen the spirit of national integration amongst the citizens.



Helps in bringing about social reforms:

·        Reforming society involves the eradication of traditions and customs which are not conducive to social progress.

·        It also means the establishment of values unjust social customs and practices.

·        In spite of being proved baseless by modern science, many undesirable social practices like untouchability and dowry are still prevalent in our society.

·        The study of Civics helps to develop a scientific temper and to follow socially correct behaviour.



 Using science for human welfare:

·        Technological advancement has made human life comfortable and easy

·        It has also brought in its wake violence and terrorism.

·        Weapons of mass destruction remain a threat to humanity.

·        To prevent self-destruction, people should observe restraint and act rationally.

·        The study of Civics educates people to grow and nurture the spirit of wisdom and reason.











Answer the following questions in one sentence each: [1 mark]



Define Civics.

Dr. E. M. White: "Civics is the subject that deals with everything pertaining to the citizen-the past, present and future; local, national and international."



Why man is called a social animal?

Man is called a social animal because his needs are satisfied living in the society.



What is civics?

The Civics is a social science that deals with the role a citizen and moulding individuals into citizens.



Who is a citizen?

The individual in his relationship with the state is known as citizen.



Who is an ideal citizen?

An ideal citizen is the one who is enlightened and behaves in a responsible manner.



Why do individuals need society?

Individuals need society because their natural attributes develop when they live in society and society helps them to satisfy their various needs and develop their personality.



Name the different institutions in a society.

A society has institutions like a family, religious and financial.  The state also is one of these institutions.



Why did the state come into existence?

The state came into existence in order to establish peace and security in society and an atmosphere congenial to the development of every member of the society.



Write the origin of the word Civics'.

The word 'Civics' is derived from the terms, Civitas', i.e. early city-states, and their independent inhabitants known as 'civis', the word civics' is derived from these two terms.



What is the relationship between civics and the progress of the country?

Civics is a social science which studies the role and behaviour of citizens, good and responsible behaviour of citizens ensures progress of the country.



What is the role of civics in times of changes in society?

Changes in society change the responsibility of the citizens; Civics makes people aware of these changes affecting their lives.



What is the main subject of civics?

The mutual and inseparable relationship between individual and society is the main subject of civics.



Name the virtues imbibed by living in a society?

Virtues like cooperation, compassion, tolerance and honesty are imbibed by individuals through social interactions.

What will ensure the well-being of both society and the individual?

Society progresses because of its individuals therefore a stable and healthy relationship between the individual and society will ensure the well-being of both.



How does civics help citizens in discharging their duties?

Every person is a citizen of a country and is expected to discharge certain responsibilities; Civics helps citizens to realize and discharge their duties effectively.



What are the recent changes in the concept of citizenship?

The traditional concept of single citizenship is being replaced by those of the dual citizenship and the world citizenship.



How does civics inter-relate rights and duties?

Citizenship involves both rights and duties, a society makes progress, if the citizens are aware of their rights and conscious about their duties; Civics makes the citizens aware of their rights and conscious about their duties.



To whom should a citizen show his loyalty?

A citizen should be loyal towards his the family, society, region and



What do you understand by the spirit of social obligation?

The spirit of social obligation implies a desire to do something useful for society and to participate in socially useful projects.



Why should the loyalty to the nation be put before the loyalty to the region?

The loyalty to the nation should be put before the loyalty to the region because national unity and integrity is of greater importance compared to that of the regional interests.

What is essential to promote national integration?

A sense of unity and mutual respect for each other’s the way of life, culture, religion and language of others are essential to promote national integration.



What does an ideal citizen believe in?

An ideal citizen believes in peaceful coexistence, spirit of friendship and tolerance.



How does an ideal citizen react to the problems of the nation?

As an ideal citizen has a better understanding of the problems of the nation he initiates the remedies.



What is the aim of Civics?

Civics aims at creating good and ideal citizens.



What do you understand by reforming the society?

Reforming society involves the eradication of traditions and customs which are not conducive to social progress and the establishment of values like equality, justice and freedom.



Which unjust social customs and practices are still prevalent in our society?

The Many undesirable social practices like untouchability, dowry system, the Sati system, female infanticide and many other superstitious beliefs are still prevalent in our society.





How does civics help in dealing with unjust social customs and practices?

The study of Civics helps to develop a scientific temper and to follow socially correct behaviour in dealing with unjust social customs and practices.



How is advancement of science and technology a threat to mankind?

Science and technology has enabled negative minded people to use its tremendous power for creating weapons of mass destruction



How can we prevent the world from mass destructions?

We can prevent the world from self-destruction if people observe restraint and act rationally.



How does the study of civics help us cope with negative impact of science?

The study of Civics educates people to grow, nurture the spirit of wisdom, observe restraint and act rationally.



Give reasons 25 to 30 words 2 marks each

The relationship between the individual and the society is inseparable.

The relationship between the individual and society is inseparable, because

1.    Man is a social animal. Society is essential for the development of personality of an individual and for satisfaction of his wants.

2.    A society can make progress due to its members-individuals.

3.    A stable and healthy relationship ensures well-being of the individual as well as society.



Every right has a corresponding duty"

 Every right has a corresponding duty, because

 A person enjoys certain rights as a citizen.

The social progress necessitates that citizens be conscious of their rights as well as duties.



Ordering of loyalties is essential.

Ordering of loyalties is essential, because

1.    We have loyalty towards our family, society, region and nation.

2.    There can be a conflict of loyalties towards a region or nation.

3.    Civics teaches us the principle that larger national interests are above narrow personal interests.



Social harmony is essential in India.

Social harmony is essential in India, because

1.    People following different religions, speaking different languages and having different cultures have been living in India for ages

2.    Mutual dialogue and respect for each other's way of life is essential for national unity.



There is ample scope for social reforms in India.

There is ample scope for social reforms in India, because

1.    Many undesirable customs are being practiced.

2.    Unjust customs like untouchability, dowry and superstitious practices are still prevalent.

3.    Eradication of such practices is conducive to social progress.


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Answer the following questions 25 to 30 words each: (2 marks each)



Define Civics and explain its importance.

Definition: Dr. E. M. White defines “Civics as subject that deals with everything pertaining to citizens-past, present and future; local, national and international".

 Importance:

1.    Civics aims at creating good and ideal citizens.

2.    Civics develops a keen interest in public issues through the spirit of social obligation in the citizens.

3.    Civics helps the citizens to order their loyalties and makes them put national interests above the narrower personal interests.

4.    The study of Civics helps to strengthen the spirit of national integration amongst the citizens.

5.    Civics helps to develop a scientific temper and to follow socially correct behaviour.

6.    Civics helps to educate people to grow and nurture the spirit of wisdom and reason.



How does civics facilitate social reforms?

1.    Reforming society involves the eradication of the traditions and customs which are not conducive to social progress.

2.    Civics tries to establish the values like equality, justice and freedom and correct social conduct.

3.    This helps to root out the undesirable social practices like untouchability.

4.    It also helps the citizens to develop a scientific temper which enables them to do away with superstitious beliefs and outworn customs.



 Describe the social responsibilities of an individual.

The social responsibilities of an individual are as follows:

1.    An individual should imbibe virtues like cooperation, compassion, tolerance and honesty through social interactions.

2.    He should participate in socially useful projects and take keen interest in the public issues through the spirit of social obligation.

3.    He should put the national interests above the personal interests.

4.    He should work towards social harmony.

5.    He should assume the responsibility of bringing about social reforms.

6.    He should develop a scientific temper and use science for human welfare.



Explain the scope of Civics.

The scope of Civics is as under:

Individual and society: The inseparable mutual relationship between the individual and society is the main subject of Civics.

Social institutions: Society consists of family, religious and financial institutions.

Citizenship: Every person is a citizen of some state. The concept of citizenship has expanded from single to dual and to world citizenship.

Rights and Duties: Every citizen enjoys a number of rights and has corresponding duties.


Write short notes on the following in 25 to 30 words each : (2 marks each)

Civics and social harmony:

1.    People following different religions, speaking different languages and belonging to distinct cultures should engage themselves in constructive mutual dialogue.

2.    They should have respect for each other's way of life to create social harmony.

3.    The study of Civics makes a person aware of these factors and prompts him to work towards creating and maintaining social harmony.

4.    It helps to strengthen the spirit of national integration.



Ordering of loyalties:

1.    We are loyal to our immediate social units like the family.

2.    Our loyalties then extend to cover our society, region and the nation

3.    We face loyalty crises, like the conflict between our regional and national loyalties.

4.    The study of Civics helps us to order our loyalties in a socially beneficial way by overcoming the narrow and localized loyalties.



Individual and Society:

1.    Man's various needs are satisfied by society.

2.    The development of the personality of every individual takes place within society and through various social institutions.

3.    His natural attributes develop when he lives in society.

4.    Every individual imbibes virtues like cooperation, compassion, tolerance and honesty by living in society.



Citizenship:

Every individual, in relation to the state, is a citizen of a country,

As a citizen, he is entitled to certain rights and is expected to perform some specific duties.

Citizenship is a relationship between the citizen and his state.

The concept of single citizenship has undergone change and the concepts of dual and world citizenship have emerged in its place.



Social Reforms:

1.    Reforming society means the eradication of undesirable traditions and customs like untouchability, dowry, etc. which are not conducive to social progress.

2.    The study of civics gives us a sense of direction to reform society.

3.    It also helps us to establish values like equality, justice and freedom in society to ensure social progress.

Science and human welfare:

1.    Advancement in science and technology made human life comfortable and easy.

2.    But technological advancement has also caused massive increase in crime, violence and terrorism.

3.    Accumulated weapons of mass destruction pose a grave threat to the existence of humanity.

4.    The way to prevent self-destruction is to apply restraint and think rationally.

5.    The study of civics educates people to grow and nurture the spirit of wisdom and reason.




Answer in 25 to 30 words

What are the objectives of the State?

The objectives of the state are:

1.    To establish peace and security in the society

2.    To protect life and property of the citizens

3.    To create an atmosphere congenial to the development of  human personality



What are the responsibilities of an ideal citizen towards his country?

The responsibilities of an ideal citizen towards his country are:

1.    He should have an understanding of the problems of his country

2.    He should be willing to initiate remedies

3.    He should accord priority to the larger loyalty towards his nation.



How does study of civics help in making use of science for human welfare?

1.    The study of science educates people in acquiring the spirit of wisdom and reasoning.

2.    It teaches people to exercise self restrain and act rationally

3.    Thereby it prevents destructive use of science and technology



State the effects of advancement in science and technology, on human life.

Science and technology has both positive and negative effects.

Advancement in science and technology has made human life comfortable and easy.

This advancement has also caused increase in crime, violence and terrorism. Accumulated weapons of mass destruction pose a grave threat to the very existence of humanity.


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